Massawa

The port of Massawa, which lies 100km (62mi) to the northeast of Asmara, has long been a cultural sponge because of its deep Red Sea harbour, used over many centuries by various foreign traders and invaders - the latter included the Turks, who squatted on the premises for over 300 years, the Egyptians and the Italians, all of whom left their own individually exotic architectural legacies. Most of Massawa was bombed into the dust by Ethiopian forces during Eritrea's struggle for independence, but the town was rebuilt during peaceful pauses throughout the 1990s according to a plan that restricted the heights of buildings, limited development and basically sought to replicate the original feel of the town (or more accurately, how it was prior to its destruction) as much as possible. Though no longer the 'Pearl of the Red Sea', Massawa is still an engaging and hassle-free place to visit.

The road from Asmara to Massawa is both spectacular and beautiful. It descends from 2438m (8000ft) to sea level, with hairpin bends on the escarpment, and magnificent views over the coastal desert strip. It passes the famous Orthodox Monastery of Debre Bizen. Massawa was an important centre in ancient times and remains, to this day, the largest natural deep-water port on the Red Sea. If Asmara is an ‘Italian’ city, Massawa is ‘Turko-Egyptian’, reflecting the periods of Ottoman and Egyptian rule from the 16th century to the late 1800s. Dams connect the islands of Batsi and Twalet with the main part of the city.

The city limits claim two islands, Massawa and Taulud (the administrative centre), plus a bit of the mainland which is largely residential. Massawa Island in particular is a great place to explore on foot, with its labyrinthine streets and its hodge-podge of interesting houses, hotels, squares and religious buildings. In the side-streets opposite the harbour you'll find a 17th-century coral-block house, coral having once been the traditional building material for Massawan abodes, as well as the ancient Ottoman-style houses of Mammub Mohammed Nahari and Abu Hamdum. Hidden elsewhere in the precinct are several old covered markets, the 500-year-old Sheikh Hanafi Mosque, with its stuccowork and stunning Murano chandelier, and the visually splendid Campo, a large square lined with houses that boast Turkish and Egyptian wood-carved facades. Batsi Island is a good area for restaurants, cafes and bars; visitors can take a small boat to Sheikh Said Island (also known as Isola Verde), a favourite picnic spot.


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